A groundbreaking study has demonstrated that a combination of the Mediterranean diet, reduced calorie intake, and regular exercise can significantly decrease the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The research, involving thousands of older adults at risk for the disease, offers compelling evidence for a multi-faceted approach to diabetes prevention.
Key Takeaways
- A Mediterranean diet combined with calorie reduction and exercise lowered type 2 diabetes risk by 31% over six years.
- The intervention group experienced modest weight loss and reduced waist circumference.
- The study highlights the synergistic effect of diet, physical activity, and professional support in preventing diabetes.
The Study's Findings
A large randomized trial conducted in Spain, involving nearly 5,000 adults aged 55 to 75 who were overweight or obese and had metabolic syndrome, revealed a significant reduction in type 2 diabetes risk. Participants who followed a Mediterranean diet, reduced their caloric intake, and engaged in regular physical activity were 31 percent less likely to develop the disease over a six-year period compared to those who only followed the Mediterranean diet.
The Mediterranean diet, characterized by its emphasis on fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, nuts, legumes, and olive oil, has long been associated with numerous health benefits. This study, however, underscores the amplified protective effects when combined with other lifestyle modifications.
A Combined Approach to Prevention
The intervention group in the study received comprehensive guidance, including regular meetings with dietitians to adhere to the Mediterranean diet and reduce calories. They were also advised to undertake a daily exercise program, including brisk walking or equivalent aerobic activity, along with strength and balance training.
While the intervention group lost an average of over seven pounds and reduced their waist circumference, the weight loss was modest, representing about 3.7 percent of body weight. This suggests that even moderate weight loss, when coupled with dietary changes and exercise, can yield substantial benefits in diabetes prevention.
Expert Insights
Experts emphasize that the combination of these lifestyle factors creates a powerful synergy. The anti-inflammatory properties of the Mediterranean diet, coupled with the fat-lowering effects of calorie restriction and increased physical activity, likely work together to reduce diabetes risk. The study also highlights the importance of sustained behavioral changes and professional support in achieving long-term health outcomes.
This research reinforces previous findings that diet and physical activity are crucial for preventing chronic diseases like diabetes. The findings offer a clear, measurable benefit for public health, suggesting that widespread adoption of these lifestyle changes could prevent millions of new diabetes diagnoses globally.
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